Eczema (Atopic dermatitis) is one of the most common skin conditions characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It's prevalent among children but can affect people across different age brackets. Eczema is considered chronic and can last for an extended period, flaring up and causing discomfort and irritation. Contrary to popular belief, this disease is not contagious and is easily managed through skin care and prescription medication. Individuals suffering from eczema often exhibit food allergies and are at risk of developing conditions such as asthma and hay fever. Dermatologists recommend developing a skincare routine to moisturize and help with the itchiness. In severe cases, the doctor may prescribe creams and ointments to help with breakages. Below is a summary of important facts you need to know about eczema. This way, you can better understand and manage the condition.

What Causes Eczema?

There are several things that are believed to help cause eczema. They include: 

• Immune System - People suffering from eczema often have a hyperactive immune system. When exposed to triggers, the immune response assumes the triggers are foreign organisms that could harm the body, activating the body's defense system. This reaction causes inflammation in your skin, which is one of the symptoms of eczema.
• Genetics - Eczema is hereditary. This means you are likely to suffer from Atopic dermatitis if your family has a history of the condition. Individuals suffering from underlying conditions such as asthma and food allergies will likely suffer from eczema. Research also indicates that there are individuals with genetic mutations that limit their skin barrier function, exposing them to skin breakages and inflammation.
• Emotions - Your emotional state has a great influence on your skin condition. It's worth noting that the body responds differently to stress, anxiety, and other mental issues. Unchecked, your mental health can trigger eczema. People dealing with depression and high-stress levels often experience frequent eczema outbreaks.
• Environment - Your surroundings can affect your skin, including climate, pollutants, and some skin care products. People living in areas with low humidity are susceptible to eczema since the skin becomes dry and itchy.

What Triggers Eczema?

Eczema presents itself in multiple ways depending on the trigger and the individual. What affects one person may not affect another. However, one common factor is food allergies. While studies are still underway to determine the relationship between eczema and food allergies, it's best to stay away from foods that cause irritation or flare-up of eczema symptoms. Some of the foods related to this condition include dairy products, eggs, and peanuts. Aside from what you eat, there are external elements that can trigger eczema, including:

• Fabrics and clothing materials
• Dry Weather
• Smoke and other pollutants
• Emotional distress
• Soaps, ointments, and creams

Symptoms and How Eczema Presents Itself

As mentioned, eczema presents itself differently in people; this means you are likely to present a different symptom compared to another patient. These symptoms are also dependent on a person's skincare routine. The difference is also visible between adults and children. Individuals with eczema also present symptoms of people dealing with food allergies and hay fever, hence the need for a professional for proper diagnosis. The most common sign of eczema is itchy skin that ranges from mild to moderate. Other symptoms of eczema include:

• Dry skin
• Inflammation (rashes and swollen skin that varies based on skin tone)
• Itchiness
• Thickened skin
• Darkening around the eyes
• Oozing and crusting

An eczema outbreak can present itself in any part of the body. However, exposed skin is often the most affected. Most places you will notice these symptoms include:

• Face, lips, around the eyes, and ears
• Hands, elbows
• Neck
• Ankles, knees, feet

Treatment Options

There isn't an umbrella treatment for eczema. Your treatment plan depends on the age, type of eczema, and severity of the case. A dermatologist is well-placed to help you develop a reliable treatment plan to manage the itchiness, dryness and manage other symptoms. The treatment plan often includes natural treatments, prescribed medication, and a skincare routine.

It's worth noting that these treatment plans don't offer overnight solutions and, in most cases, take a few days for results to start showing. Individuals dealing with eczema are also advised to work towards finding a customized treatment plan instead of relying solely on an objective treatment plan.